作者：董迪、罗震

来源： 盘古智库

澳大利亚对华为的5G禁令确实是两国关系的“欲加之罪”，但无论是企业还是我们国家在日益国际化的过程中，总会遇到各种自私、难缠的对象，这种情况下，我们更应该思考长远，从困难和挫折中积累经验，从互利共赢的角度规劝双方关系发展。

本文作者系盘古智库研究员董迪、罗震，原刊于2018年8月30日《环球时报》英文版。

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The Australian government on August 23 blocked Chinese telecoms equipment makers Huawei from providing equipment to Australia's 5G mobile phone networks. It claimed in a statement that it barred the involvement of any firm "likely to be subject to extrajudicial directions from a foreign government that conflict with Australian law," as that may result in failure to adequately protect the 5G network from unauthorized access or interference.

The ban has cast a shadow over China-Australia relations. Just over one month ago on July 19, Australian think tank, the Australia-China Relations Institute, released a report calling on the Australian government to attach more importance to the Belt and Road initiative and "develop a coherent policy" regarding engagement with Asia-Pacific infrastructure projects. It's in the interest of neither side to mess up China-Australia relations. The reasons behind the ban on Huawei are worth pondering.

Australia has long been suspicious of Huawei. In 2012, the company was blocked from supplying equipment to Australia's National Broadband Network. In order to forestall Huawei's plan to lay the underwater internet cables for the Solomon Islands, Canberra forked out millions of dollars to fund the project in June this year.

Now, the telecoms giant has been targeted again. Some Australian politicians wanted to solicit political support by playing the China card. One day after Huawei was blocked from rolling out 5G technology in Australia, former treasurer Scott Morrison replaced Malcolm Turnbull to become Australia's new prime minister after winning a three-way battle for the leadership of the Liberal party. Morrison defeated key challenger Peter Dutton, a former cabinet minister, by a 45-40 vote. Reports suggested that Morrison played an active role in excluding Huawei from Australia's 5G network in a bid to bolster his own credentials for the top job.

Australia has harbored a complicated attitude toward China. On the one hand, it has now gone 27 years without experiencing a recession, and developing relations with China, its biggest trading partner, is essential for Australia to further boost economic growth. On the other hand, facing China's growing national strength, Australia hopes to strengthen its alliance with the US to hedge Beijing's influence. Just as Morrison said, the Australian government's first priority is always "the safety and security of Australians."

The recent years have witnessed increasing engagement between China and Australia. While it helps promote the interest of both sides, anti-China sentiments have also spread among some Australians. Politicians either used the sentiments to woo public support or were forced to change their attitude toward China. Being tough with China to some extent has become political correctness. Huawei and even the China-Australian relationship have become the scapegoat for Australia's domestic problems.

The Australian government's ban on Huawei is detrimental to the long-term development of relations, which should be opposed. Meanwhile we shouldn't push Australia too hard to make it confrontational. Our enterprises and country will encounter setbacks and hurdles in the process of going global. We should draw lessons from it, accumulate experiences and ensure bilateral relations develop in keeping with mutual benefits.

5G禁令下的中澳关系-任重而道远

董迪、罗震

8月23日，澳大利亚政府向澳电信运营商发布5G安全指导书，宣布禁止华为参与澳5G网络建设，并在声明中称不希望受外国政府、特别是与澳法律制度不同的外国政府影响的公司参与相关建设。

5G禁令给中澳关系蒙上阴霾。但就在一个月前的7月19日，澳大利亚知名智库澳中关系研究院发布报告，呼吁澳大利亚政府重视“一带一路”倡议，更多参与亚太地区基础设施项目。搞砸中澳关系并不符合双方利益，在澳大利亚态度反复的情况下，有必要探查这次澳大利亚政府为何如此“莽撞”，以为中澳未来关系思考更多出路。

5G禁令中的政治因素

澳大利亚在通信领域一直对华为怀有戒备。澳大利亚在2012年就禁止华为为其全国宽频网络供应设备。2017年10月12日，澳大利亚政府发布《关键基础设施安全法案》草案，其中详细描述了如何保护通信等行业的关键基础设施，使之免受外国带来的网络破坏、威胁和间谍攻击等。2018年5月，澳大利亚政府承诺将拨款数百万美元，以确保华为不参与澳洲与所罗门群岛之间的网络光缆建设。

澳大利亚之所以在8月再次发难，是因为澳政客想借“打中国牌”来“彰显”“硬汉”形象，谋取政治支持。8月24日，即澳大利亚发布5G禁令后的一天，莫里斯以45比40票的结果，“逼宫”成功，将成为新一任澳大利亚总理。而在5G安全指导书发布过程中，莫里斯表现最为积极，是推动拒绝华为参与澳大利亚5G网建设的关键人物，并曾就5G安全指导书表示，“政府将继续在电信业等领域加强参与，支持澳大利亚人自己管理国家安全风险”。

5G禁令后的深层原因

澳大利亚在中澳关系和美澳关系上的纠结态度。一方面，澳大利亚GDP已实现27年无衰退增长，经济的进一步增长离不开与中国（澳大利亚最大的贸易伙伴）关系的发展；另一方面，保守的澳大利亚又希望维持现状，面对中国国力的增长，澳大利亚寄希望于加强美澳同盟，以对冲中国影响力。正如莫里斯表示，“（澳大利亚）政府的首要任务始终是保障澳大利亚人的安全。”

澳大利亚部分民众中存在排华情绪。中国是澳大利亚最主要的移民来源国之一，澳大利亚也曾是吸引中国移民的坚定支持者，但移民数量的增多也使部分澳大利亚人感到有人动了自己的奶酪，从而使部分华人在澳受辱骂的新闻不时见诸报端。在澳大利亚移民政策的吸引下，在澳华人数量迅速增长。在澳大利亚约2400万人口中，拥有中国血统的澳大利亚人占比约5%，已达120万余人。在澳大利亚最大的两座城市悉尼和墨尔本中，悉尼总人口的约8.4%有华人血统，而在墨尔本代表性的CBD中，有约40%的居民拥有华人血统。

中澳人员交流的迅速发展在增进两国利益的同时，也使部分澳大利亚人感到“草木皆兵”，对华敌视情绪开始蔓延。这种情绪既被澳政客利用，也迫使部分政客转变对华态度。对华强硬某种程度上已成为澳大利亚政府的“政治正确”，华为乃至中澳关系成为澳大利亚国内问题的“替罪羊”。正如在2017年前一向欢迎技术移民的澳大利亚，尽管澳大利亚商界对技术移民被“赶跑”的担忧日益加深，但澳大利亚时任国库部长莫里森则表示，澳大利亚2017年永久移民数量的下降，证明了政策“正在以其应该前进的方向运行”。

改善中澳关系任重而道远

澳大利亚政府在5G政策上的倒退并不符合中澳长远关系的发展，但我们在反对的同时，也不应因此把“纠结的”澳大利亚真的推向对立面。

澳大利亚对华为的5G禁令确实是两国关系的“欲加之罪”，但无论是企业还是我们国家在日益国际化的过程中，总会遇到各种自私、难缠的对象，这种情况下，我们更应该思考长远，从困难和挫折中积累经验，从互利共赢的角度规劝双方关系发展。■